Affective Scaffolding in Creative Learning: The Vivience Framework for Empathic Digital Humans as Collaborative Partners

Authors

  • Prof. Jagmeet Singh Vivience AI Affiliate, Creative Media Industries Institute, Georgia State University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63084/cognexus.v2i2.266

Keywords:

human-AI interaction, creative learning, Affective-Emotive Resonance, relational AI, affective scaffolding

Abstract

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is increasingly used as a dialogic partner in creative learning, raising a question not captured by accuracy-centred evaluation alone: how might relational and affective qualities of AI interaction influence willingness to expose uncertainty, accept critique, revise work, and take creative risks? This conceptual paper advances the Vivience Framework for Affective Scaffolding, extending the Affective-Emotive Resonance (AER) model introduced in prior exploratory research. It integrates Vygotskian scaffolding, Self- Determination Theory, Control-Value Theory, Cognitive Load Theory, social-response research, and polyphonic approaches to creative learning. Two propositions are formalised. Affective Load is defined for prospective testing as task-irrelevant cognitive demand associated with regulating achievement-related affect and AI-mediated interactional uncertainty, while acknowledging prior uses of the term. The Neutrality Trap Hypothesis proposes that affectively sparse responses may, in some high-vulnerability contexts, be interpreted as indifference or implicit evaluation. The paper differentiates four AER dimensions, Persistence, Belonging, Continuity, and Layered Emotional Care, and presents a system-level architecture separating the base language model from memory, inference, pedagogical-state estimation, relational policy, generation, multimodal expression, and governance. Finally, the Vivience Protocol is proposed as a preregistrable mixed-methods design for empirical testing. The contribution is a falsifiable research programme for responsible relational AI in creative learning, not a claim that machine empathy or educational benefit has already been demonstrated.

References

Amabile, T. M., & Pratt, M. G. (2016). The dynamic componential model of creativity and innovation in organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 36, 157–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2016.10.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2016.10.001

Beghetto, R. A. (2016). Creative learning: A fresh look. Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology, 15(1), 6–23. https://doi.org/10.1891/1945-8959.15.1.6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1891/1945-8959.15.1.6

Beghetto, R. A., & Kaufman, J. C. (2014). Classroom contexts for creativity. High Ability Studies, 25(1), 53–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/13598139.2014.905247 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13598139.2014.905247

Belland, B. R. (2017). Instructional scaffolding in STEM education: Strategies and efficacy evidence. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02229-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02565-0

Bickmore, T. W., & Picard, R. W. (2005). Establishing and maintaining long-term human-computer relationships. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 12(2), 293–327. https://doi.org/10.1145/1067860.1067867 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/1067860.1067867

Bozkurt, A., Xiao, J., Lambert, S., Pazurek, A., Crompton, H., Koseoglu, S., Farrow, R., Bond, M., Nerantzi, C., Honeychurch, S., Bali, M., Dron, J., Mir, K., Stewart, B., Costello, E., Mason, J., Stracke, C. M., Romero-Hall, E., Koutropoulos, A., & Toquero, C. M. (2023). Speculative futures on ChatGPT and generative artificial intelligence (AI): A collective reflection from the educational landscape. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 18(1), 53–130. https://doi.org/10.59668/724

Eysenck, M. W., Derakshan, N., Santos, R., & Calvo, M. G. (2007). Anxiety and cognitive performance: Attentional control theory. Emotion, 7(2), 336–353. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.7.2.336 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.7.2.336

Floridi, L., Cowls, J., Beltrametti, M., Chatila, R., Chazerand, P., Dignum, V., Luetge, C., Madelin, R., Pagallo, U., Rossi, F., Schafer, B., Valcke, P., & Vayena, E. (2018). AI4People An ethical framework for a good AI society: Opportunities, risks, principles, and recommendations. Minds and Machines, 28(4), 689–707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-018-9482-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-018-9482-5

Gambino, A. L., Fox, J., & Ratan, R. A. (2020). Building a stronger CASA: Extending the computers are social actors paradigm. Human-Machine Communication, 1, 71–86. https://doi.org/10.30658/hmc.1.5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30658/hmc.1.5

Glikson, E., & Woolley, A. W. (2020). Human trust in artificial intelligence: Review of empirical research. Academy of Management Annals, 14(2), 627–660. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2018.0057 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2018.0057

Glăveanu, V. P. (2020). The possible: A sociocultural theory. Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197520499.001.0001

Hattie, J., & Timperley, H. (2007). The power of feedback. Review of Educational Research, 77(1), 81–

112. https://doi.org/10.3102/003465430298487 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/003465430298487

Jacovi, A., Marasović, A., Miller, T., & Goldberg, Y. (2021). Formalizing trust in artificial intelligence: Prerequisites, causes and goals of human trust in AI. In Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (pp. 624–635). Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3442188.3445923 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3442188.3445923

Jian, J.-Y., Bisantz, A. M., & Drury, C. G. (2000). Foundations for an empirically determined scale of trust in automated systems. International Journal of Cognitive Ergonomics, 4(1), 53–71. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327566IJCE0401_04 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327566IJCE0401_04

Kim, K. H. (2011). The creativity crisis: The decrease in creative thinking scores on the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. Creativity Research Journal, 23(4), 285–295. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2011.627805 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2011.627805

Lajoie, S. P., Pekrun, R., Azevedo, R., & Leighton, J. P. (2020). Understanding and measuring emotions in technology-rich learning environments. Learning and Instruction, 70, Article 101272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2020.101272 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2019.101272

Leppink, J., Paas, F., Van der Vleuten, C. P. M., Van Gog, T., & Van Merriënboer, J. J. G. (2013). Development and validation of an instrument for measuring cognitive load. Behavior Research Methods, 45, 1058–1072. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-013-0334-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-013-0334-1

Loveys, K., Sagar, M., Pickering, I., & Broadbent, E. (2020). A digital human for delivering brief alcohol intervention: Proof of concept study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(11), Article e17473. https://doi.org/10.2196/17473

Luckin, R., Holmes, W., Griffiths, M., & Forcier, L. B. (2016). Intelligence unleashed: An argument for AI in education. Pearson.

Mayer, R. E. (2020). Multimedia learning (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316941355 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316941355

Mollick, E. (2024). Co-intelligence: Living and working with AI. Portfolio.

Nakamura, J., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). The concept of flow. In M. Csikszentmihalyi (Ed.), Flow and the foundations of positive psychology (pp. 239–263). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9088-8_16 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9088-8_16

Nass, C., & Moon, Y. (2000). Machines and mindlessness: Social responses to computers. Journal of Social Issues, 56(1), 81–103. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00153 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00153

Ness, I. J. (2017). Polyphonic orchestration: Facilitating creative knowledge processes in interdisciplinary groups. European Journal of Innovation Management, 20(4), 557–577. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-05-2016-0049 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-05-2016-0049

Ness, I. J. (2021). Room for opportunity. In I. J. Ness (Ed.), The Palgrave handbook of social creativity research (pp. 523–538). Palgrave Macmillan.

Ness, I. J., & Glăveanu, V. P. (2020). Polyphonic imagination: Understanding the creation of the new. In

I. J. Ness (Ed.), The Palgrave handbook of social creativity research (pp. 539–556). Palgrave Macmillan.

Pekrun, R. (2006). The control-value theory of achievement emotions: Assumptions, corollaries, and implications for educational research and practice. Educational Psychology Review, 18(4), 315–341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-006-9029-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-006-9029-9

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68

Seyama, J., & Nagayama, R. S. (2007). The uncanny valley: Effect of realism on the impression of artificial human faces. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 16(4), 337–351. https://doi.org/10.1162/pres.16.4.337 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1162/pres.16.4.337

Sharples, M. (2024). Towards social generative AI for education: Theory, practices and ethics. Learning, Media and Technology, 49(1), 6–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2023.2255167

Singh, J. (2025). Emergence of affective-emotive resonance: A paradigm shift in empathic digital humans. In 2025 Computing, Communications and IoT Applications (ComComAp) (pp. 116–121). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ComComAp68359.2025.11353186 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ComComAp68359.2025.11353186

Sweller, J., van Merriënboer, J. J. G., & Paas, F. (2019). Cognitive architecture and instructional design: 20 years later. Educational Psychology Review, 31(2), 261–292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-019- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-019-09465-5

09465-5

Volonte, M., Babu, S. V., Duchowski, A. T., & Robb, A. (2018). Empirical evaluation of virtual human conversational and affective animations on visual attention in inter-personal simulations. In 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR) (pp. 25–32). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.2018.8446364 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.2018.8446364

Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.

Wasson, B., & Kirschner, P. A. (2020). Learning design and learning analytics. In C. Lang, G. Siemens,

A. Wise, D. Gašević, & A. Merceron (Eds.), The handbook of learning analytics (2nd ed., pp. 14–31). Society for Learning Analytics Research (SoLAR). https://doi.org/10.18608/hla20.004

Downloads

Published

2026-09-02

How to Cite

Prof. Jagmeet Singh. (2026). Affective Scaffolding in Creative Learning: The Vivience Framework for Empathic Digital Humans as Collaborative Partners. CogNexus, 2(2), 36–59. https://doi.org/10.63084/cognexus.v2i2.266